%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% chapter.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% sample chapter
%
% Use this file as a template for your own input.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer Nature %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\motto{Use the template \texttt{chapter.tex} to style the various elements of your chapter content.}
\chapter{Chapter Heading}
\label{intro} % Always give a unique label
% use \chaptermark{}
% to alter or adjust the chapter heading in the running head

\abstract*{Each chapter should be preceded by an abstract (no more than 200 words) that summarizes the content. The abstract will appear \textit{online} at \texttt{www.SpringerLink.com} and be available with unrestricted access. This allows unregistered users to read the abstract as a teaser for the complete chapter.
Please use the `starred' version of the new \texttt{abstract} command for typesetting the text of the online abstracts (cf. source file of this chapter template \texttt{abstract}) and include them with the source files of your manuscript. Use the plain \texttt{abstract} command if the abstract is also to appear in the printed version of the book.}

\abstract{Each chapter should be preceded by an abstract (no more than 200 words) that summarizes the content. The abstract will appear \textit{online} at \texttt{www.SpringerLink.com} and be available with unrestricted access. This allows unregistered users to read the abstract as a teaser for the complete chapter. \newline\indent
Please use the `starred' version of the new \texttt{abstract} command for typesetting the text of the online abstracts (cf. source file of this chapter template \texttt{abstract}) and include them with the source files of your manuscript. Use the plain \texttt{abstract} command if the abstract is also to appear in the printed version of the book.}

\section{Section Heading}
\label{sec:1}
Use the template \texttt{chapter.tex} together with the document class \texttt{SNmono.cls} (monograph-type books) or \texttt{SNmult.cls} (edited books) to style the various elements of your chapter content conformable to the Springer Nature layout.

\section{Section Heading}
\label{sec:2}
% Always give a unique label
% and use \ref{<label>} for cross-references
% and \cite{<label>} for bibliographic references
% use \sectionmark{}
% to alter or adjust the section heading in the running head
Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations.

Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.

Use the standard \verb|equation| environment to typeset your equations, e.g.,
%
\begin{equation}
a \times b = c\;,
\end{equation}
%
however, for multiline equations we recommend to use the \verb|align| environment\footnote{In physics texts please activate the class option \texttt{vecphys} to depict your vectors in \textbf{\itshape boldface-italic} type -- as is customary for a wide range of physical subjects.}.
\begin{align}
\left|\nabla U_{\alpha}^{\mu}(y)\right| &\le\frac1{d-\alpha}\int
\left|\nabla\frac1{|\xi-y|^{d-\alpha}}\right|\,d\mu(\xi) =
\int \frac1{|\xi-y|^{d-\alpha+1}} \,d\mu(\xi)  \\
&=(d-\alpha+1) \int\limits_{d(y)}^\infty
\frac{\mu(B(y,r))}{r^{d-\alpha+2}}\,dr \le (d-\alpha+1)
\int\limits_{d(y)}^\infty \frac{r^{d-\alpha}}{r^{d-\alpha+2}}\,dr
\label{eq:01}
\end{align}

\subsection{Subsection Heading}
\label{subsec:2}
Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references\index{cross-references} and citations\index{citations} as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.

\begin{quotation}
Please do not use quotation marks when quoting texts! Simply use the \verb|quotation| environment -- it will automatically be rendered in the preferred layout.
\end{quotation}


\subsubsection{Subsubsection Heading}
Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Furtheron please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{subsec:2}, see also Fig.~\ref{fig:1}\footnote{If you copy text passages, figures, or tables from other works, you must obtain \textit{permission} from the copyright holder (usually the original publisher). Please enclose the signed permission with the manuscript. The sources\index{permission to print} must be acknowledged either in the captions, as footnotes or in a separate section of the book.}.

Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.

% For figures use
%
\begin{figure}
\sidecaption
% Use the relevant command for your figure-insertion program
% to insert the figure file.
% As standard, include \usepackage{graphicx} in the preamble, then the figure is simply included by
\includegraphics{figure}
%
%
\caption{If the width of the figure is less than 7.8 cm use the \texttt{sidecapion} command to flush the caption on the left side of the page.}
\label{fig:1}       % Give a unique label
\end{figure}


\paragraph{Paragraph Heading} %
Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Furtheron please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.

Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.

For typesetting numbered lists we recommend to use the \verb|enumerate| environment -- it will automatically render Springer Nature's preferred layout.

\begin{enumerate}
\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
\begin{enumerate}
\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
\end{enumerate}
\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
\end{enumerate}


\subparagraph{Subparagraph Heading} In order to avoid simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}, see also Fig.~\ref{fig:2}.

Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.

For unnumbered list we recommend to use the \verb|itemize| environment -- it will automatically render Springer Nature's preferred layout.

\begin{itemize}
\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development, cf. Table~\ref{tab:1}.}
\begin{itemize}
\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
\end{itemize}
\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}
\sidecaption
% Use the relevant command for your figure-insertion program
% to insert the figure file.
% For example, with the option graphics use
\includegraphics[width=9cm]{figure}
%
% If not, use
%\picplace{5cm}{2cm} % Give the correct figure height and width in cm
%
\caption{Please write your figure caption here}
\label{fig:2}       % Give a unique label
\end{figure}

\runinhead{Run-in Heading Boldface Version} Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.

\subruninhead{Run-in Heading Boldface and Italic Version} Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-refer\-ences and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}\index{paragraph}.

\subsubruninhead{Run-in Heading Displayed Version} Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-refer\-ences and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}\index{paragraph}.
% Use the \index{} command to code your index words
%
% For tables use
%
\begin{table}[!t]
\caption{Please write your table caption here}
\label{tab:1}       % Give a unique label
%
% For LaTeX tables use
%
\begin{tabular}{p{2cm}p{2.4cm}p{2cm}p{4.9cm}}
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
Classes & Subclass & Length & Action Mechanism  \\
\noalign{\smallskip}\svhline\noalign{\smallskip}
Translation & mRNA$^a$  & 22 (19--25) & Translation repression, mRNA cleavage\\
Translation & mRNA cleavage & 21 & mRNA cleavage\\
Translation & mRNA  & 21--22 & mRNA cleavage\\
Translation & mRNA  & 24--26 & Histone and DNA Modification\\
\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
\end{tabular}

$^a$ Table foot note (with superscript)
\end{table}
%
\section{Section Heading}
\label{sec:3}
% Always give a unique label
% and use \ref{<label>} for cross-references
% and \cite{<label>} for bibliographic references
% use \sectionmark{}
% to alter or adjust the section heading in the running head
Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Furtheron please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.

Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.

If you want to list definitions or the like we recommend to use the SN-enhanced \verb|description| environment -- it will automatically render Springer Nature's preferred layout.

\begin{description}[Type 1]
\item[Type 1]{That addresses central themes pertainng to migration, health, and disease. In Sect.~\ref{sec:1}, Wilson discusses the role of human migration in infectious disease distributions and patterns.}
\item[Type 2]{That addresses central themes pertainng to migration, health, and disease. In Sect.~\ref{subsec:2}, Wilson discusses the role of human migration in infectious disease distributions and patterns.}
\end{description}

\subsection{Subsection Heading} %
In order to avoid simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.

Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.

\begin{svgraybox}
If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts we recommend to use the newly defined Springer Nature class option \verb|graybox| and the newly defined environment \verb|svgraybox|. This will produce a 15 percent screened box 'behind' your text.

If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts we recommend to use the newly defined Springer Nature class option and environment \verb|svgraybox|. This will produce a 15 percent screened box 'behind' your text.
\end{svgraybox}


\subsubsection{Subsubsection Heading}
Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Furtheron please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.

Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.

\begin{theorem}
Theorem text goes here.
\end{theorem}
%
% or
%
\begin{definition}
Definition text goes here.
\end{definition}

\begin{proof}
%\smartqed
Proof text goes here.
%\qed
\end{proof}

%
% For built-in environments use
%
\begin{theorem}
Theorem text goes here.
\end{theorem}
%
\begin{definition}
Definition text goes here.
\end{definition}
%
\begin{proof}
%\smartqed
Proof text goes here.
%\qed
\end{proof}
%
%
\begin{trailer}{Trailer Head}
If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in a \verb|Trailer Head| we recommend to
use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{trailer}{Trailer Head}
...
\end{trailer}\end{verbatim}
\end{trailer}
%
\begin{questype}{Questions}
If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Questions| we recommend to
use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{questype}{Questions}
...
\end{questype}\end{verbatim}
\end{questype}
%
%
\begin{important}{Important}
If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Important| we recommend to
use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{important}{Important}
...
\end{important}\end{verbatim}
\end{important}
%
\clearpage
\begin{warning}{Attention}
If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Attention| we recommend to
use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{warning}{Attention}
...
\end{warning}\end{verbatim}
\end{warning}

\begin{programcode}{Program Code}
If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in a \verb|Program Code| we recommend to
use

\verb|\begin{programcode}{Program Code}|

\verb|\begin{verbatim}...\end{verbatim}|

\verb|\end{programcode}|

\end{programcode}
%
\begin{tips}{Tips}
If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in a \verb|Tips| we recommend to
use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{tips}{Tips}
...
\end{tips}\end{verbatim}
\end{tips}
%
%
\begin{overview}{Overview}
If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Overview| we recommend to
use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{overview}{Overview}
...
\end{overview}\end{verbatim}
\end{overview}
\clearpage
\begin{backgroundinformation}{Background Information}
If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in a \verb|Background|
\verb|Information| we recommend to
use

\verb|\begin{backgroundinformation}{Background Information}|

\verb|...|

\verb|\end{backgroundinformation}|
\end{backgroundinformation}
\begin{legaltext}{Legal Text}
If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in a \verb|Legal Text| we recommend to
use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{legaltext}{Legal Text}
...
\end{legaltext}\end{verbatim}
\end{legaltext}
%
\begin{acknowledgement}
If you want to include acknowledgments of assistance and the like at the end of an individual chapter please use the \verb|acknowledgement| environment -- it will automatically render Springer Nature's preferred layout.
\end{acknowledgement}
%
\section*{Appendix}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix}
%
When placed at the end of a chapter or contribution (as opposed to at the end of the book), the numbering of tables, figures, and equations in the appendix section continues on from that in the main text. Hence please \textit{do not} use the \verb|appendix| command when writing an appendix at the end of your chapter or contribution. If there is only one the appendix is designated ``Appendix'', or ``Appendix 1'', or ``Appendix 2'', etc. if there is more than one.

\begin{equation}
a \times b = c
\end{equation}
% Problems or Exercises should be sorted chapterwise
\section*{Problems}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Problems}
%
% Use the following environment.
% Don't forget to label each problem;
% the label is needed for the solutions' environment
\begin{prob}
\label{prob1}
A given problem or Excercise is described here. The
problem is described here. The problem is described here.
\end{prob}

\begin{prob}
\label{prob2}
\textbf{Problem Heading}\\
(a) The first part of the problem is described here.\\
(b) The second part of the problem is described here.
\end{prob}

\input{references}

